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15

2022-07

Nickel and nickel alloy welding materials

Nickel and nickel alloy welding materials

2022-07-15

15

2022-07

Effect of titanium alloy thermal process on microstructure and properties of thick plates

Abstract: The effects of two hot working processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high temperature titanium alloy thick plate BTI-6431S were studied. The results show that the microstructure of (+) rolled thick plate is similar to that of isoaxial two-phase zone.

2022-07-15

07

2022-07

Rare refractory metal hafnium

Hafnium, atomic number 72, atomic weight 178.49, the element name comes from the Latin name of Copenhagen. In 1923, Swedish chemist hevisi and Dutch physicist Coster found hafnium in zircons produced in Norway and Greenland. In 1925, they obtained pure hafnium salt by fractional crystallization of fluorine-containing complex salt, and reduced it with metal sodium to obtain pure metal hafnium. The content of hafnium in the earth's crust is 0.00045%, which is often associated with zirconium in nature. There are six natural stable isotopes: hafnium 174, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180. Hafnium is a silver gray shiny metal, with a melting point of 2227 ° C, a boiling point of 4602 ° C, and a density of 13.31 g / cm ³； Hafnium has high neutron capture ability. Hafnium and zirconium have similar chemical properties, both of which have good corrosion resistance and are not subject to general acid-base corrosion; Soluble in hydrofluoric acid; It can be directly combined with oxygen, nitrogen and other gases at high temperature. Metal hafnium has moderate strength, dense metal hafnium is inactive, and an oxide coating is formed on the surface, which is very stable at room temperature, and powdered hafnium is easy to spontaneously ignite in the air. Hafnium has a strong ability to absorb hydrogen and can form hfh2.1 at most. At high temperature, hafnium can react with nitrogen. Due to the influence of lanthanide shrinkage, the atomic radius of hafnium is almost equal to that of zirconium, so the properties of hafnium and zirconium are very similar, and it is difficult to separate. Hafnium does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid and strong alkali solutions, but is soluble in hydrofluoric acid and aqua regia. The oxidation state of hafnium is + 2, + 3, + 4, among which + 4 valence compound is the most stable. Solvent extraction can be used to separate hafnium from zirconium compounds. Then, hafnium tetrachloride is reduced with metal magnesium to obtain metal hafnium, and then high-purity metal is obtained by iodide thermal decomposition method. Hafnium has strong neutron absorption ability, good corrosion resistance and high strength, and is used as a control rod in nuclear reactors; Hafnium can be used as cathode material of X-ray tube and additive material of cemented carbide; Hafnium can form many kinds of alloys and can also be used as the surface coating of base metals.

2022-07-07

07

2022-07

Rare refractory metal zirconium

Zirconium metal, silver gray metal, looks like steel and has luster; Melting point 1852, boiling point 4377, density 6.49. Zirconium is easy to absorb hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen; Zirconium has a strong affinity for oxygen, and its volume can be significantly increased by dissolving oxygen in zirconium at 1000 ℃. Zirconium is relatively stable in air; Powdered zirconium is easy to burn, and fine zirconium wires can be ignited with matches. At high temperature, it can be directly combined with dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen. Zirconium is relatively soft and is mainly used to make bulletproof alloy steel. It can also be used as a coating alloy for uranium fuel in reactors; Zirconium is easy to emit electrons at high temperature, and a small amount of zirconium is also used for surgical tools and other industrial purposes. At present, there are two major areas of application of sponge zirconium in China, one is zirconium for atomic energy, and the other is zirconium for general industrial use. The grades of sponge zirconium for atomic energy are divided into two grades, which can still meet the market demand at present, while the original standard of sponge zirconium for general industry only contains one grade, and a new grade needs to be added. The widely used sponge zirconium standards in the world are mainly ASTM standards in the United States. At present, there are two standards found, ASTM b349 (for atomic energy industry) and ASTM b494 (for general industry). Zirconium has better corrosion resistance, mechanical properties and process properties than stainless steel, nickel base alloy and titanium, and is very suitable for manufacturing containers, heat exchangers and other chemical equipment. Especially in reductive chloride solution, it has corrosion resistance and is widely used, and the demand is increasing.

2022-07-07

24

2022-05

Tantalum and its application

Tantalum, tantalum, element symbol TA, from the king of wealth in Greek mythology, Tantalus, discovered in 1802. Tantalum is hardly affected by erosion. In surgery, it has great contribution to the repair of human body: it can replace bones (such as skulls); Making foil or silk thread can connect the broken nerve; Woven into gauze can be used to wrap abdominal muscles.

2022-05-24

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